Concerns over the increasing incidence of kidney cancer, both in the United States and worldwide, have led to a renewed look at how lifestyle may influence this cancer. The incidence has nearly doubled in the United States and other high-income countries since 1975. The causes of this increase are unclear.
Researchers are investigating kidney cancer’s possible link to our diet, with studies showing that kidney cancer is related to obesity and tobacco.
Some research points to a link between high meat consumption and kidney cancer but the evidence is conflicting.
One analysis reported that greater consumption of meat, red meat, processed meat or poultry each increased risk of kidney cancer by 20 to 30 percent. However, a more recent analysis, which experts consider scientifically stronger, found no link between meat consumption and kidney cancer risk.
That said, limiting red and processed meat consumption is smart because too much does increase the risk of colorectal cancer.
Another question involves the consumption of acrylamide, a compound that forms in some foods when cooked at high temperatures. It has been found in French fries, cakes, snack foods and coffee and has been declared a “probable human carcinogen,” primarily based on animal studies. Some studies link greater consumption of acrylamide with increased risk of kidney cancer. Other studies show no such link. Limiting the fries and processed snack foods you eat is a good idea for other reasons, but the inconclusive data means you don’t need to be afraid of coffee.
Researchers have also studied alcohols possible link to cancer. The American Institute of Cancer Research’s 2007 review of studies concluded that it is unlikely alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer. However, alcohol consumed beyond moderation is linked to increased risk of colorectal and breast cancers.
Tobacco avoidance and weight management are much more important strategies to lower risk of kidney cancer. Smoking reportedly doubles the risk of this cancer. And at least 20 percent of U.S. cases may be prevented by maintenance of a healthy body weight. AICR’s report found a direct link between overweight or obesity and increased risk of kidney cancer. The reason is not clear, but researchers theorize that changes in levels of insulin and related growth factors may increase inflammation, promote cancer development and inhibit the normal process of self-destruction of abnormal cells. High blood pressure and workplace exposure to certain industrial chemicals, such as asbestos, may also increase risk of kidney cancer.
Kidney cancer is still a far less common health threat than some other cancers or heart disease. So focus on prevention strategies with multiple benefits: avoid tobacco; keep blood pressure controlled; and reach and maintain a healthy weight through regular physical activity and a balanced, mostly plant-based diet.
References:
1. American Institute for Cancer Research
