Diet High in Fructose Increases Risk of High Blood Pressure

The results of a study have found that a diet high in fructose increases the risk of developing high blood pressure (hypertension), and suggests that cutting back on processed foods and beverages that contain high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) could help prevent high blood pressure.

The rate of obesity has increased sharply in the last 20 years since the introduction of HFCS. Americans consume 30% more fructose than 20 years ago and up to four times more than 100 years ago, when obesity rates were less than 5%. The increase is parallel to the rise in the prevalence of high blood pressure, but studies have been inconsistent in the association of excess fructose in the diet and high blood pressure.

The researchers examined 4,528 adults 18 years of age or older with no prior history of high blood pressure. Fructose intake was calculated based on a dietary questionnaire, and foods such as fruit juices, soft drinks, bakery products, and candy were included. They found that people who ate or drank more than 74 grams per day of fructose (2.5 sugary soft drinks per day) increased their risk of developing high blood pressure. Specifically, a diet of more than 74 grams per day of fructose led to a 28%, 36%, and 87% higher risk for blood pressure levels of 135/85, 140/90, and 160/100 mmHg, respectively. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), and expressed with two numbers, a normal blood pressure reading is below 120/80 mmHg.

"These results indicate that high fructose intake in the form of added sugars is significantly and independently associated with higher blood pressure levels in the US adult population with no previous history of hypertension," the study authors concluded. Additional studies are needed to see if low fructose diets can normalize blood pressure and prevent the development of hypertension.

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References:
1. Diana Jalal, et al. Increased Fructose Intake is Independently Associated with Elevated Blood Pressure. Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2006). American Society of Nephrology.