Strength training exercise programs involve exercises that cause the muscles to contract against external resistance either by means of weight training, high-resistance machines, rubber tubing or your own body weight with exercise that is limited to a few repetitions (generally less than 20) before exhaustion. Weight training, resistance training and isometric training are all types of strength training.

Strength training is recommended by national health organizations for incorporation into a comprehensive fitness program that includes aerobic and flexibility exercise. The potential benefits of strength training on health and performance are numerous. Strength training has been shown to reduce body fat, increase basal metabolic rate, decrease blood pressure and the cardiovascular demands to exercise, improve blood lipid profiles, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity, increase muscle and connective tissue cross-sectional area, improve functional capacity, and relieve low back pain. Many improvements in physical function and athletic performance are associated with the increases in muscle strength, power, endurance, and hypertrophy observed during strength training.

Strength training helps offset the loss in muscle mass and strength typically associated with normal aging. Additional benefits from regular exercise include improved bone health and, thus, reduction in risk for osteoporosis; improved postural stability, thereby reducing the risk of falling and associated injuries and fractures; and increased flexibility and range of motion. Participation in regular physical activity (both aerobic and strength exercises) elicits a number of favorable responses that contribute to healthy aging.