A large study demonstrates that women who followed the DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) also significantly reduced their risk of developing heart failure, offering still more evidence that a diet high in plant foods and low in sugar and saturated fats is good for your cardiac health.
“High blood pressure is always of concern because it has the potential to lead to major adverse events, including strokes, heart attacks and heart failure,” explains senior author Emily Levitan. The researchers hypothesized that DASH would also reduce a woman’s risk of heart failure through its blood pressure lowering effects as well as its secondary effects on cholesterol and other heart-disease risk factors. DASH, which has been shown to lower blood pressure in randomized clinical studies, is plentiful in fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products and whole grains. “These foods are high in potassium, magnesium, calcium and fiber, moderately high in protein, and low in saturated fat and total fat,” explains Levitan.
A life-threatening condition that develops when the heart can no longer pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs, heart failure (also known as congestive heart failure) is usually caused by existing cardiac conditions, including high blood pressure and coronary artery disease. Heart failure is the leading cause of hospitalization among patients 65 and older, and is characterized by such symptoms as fatigue and weakness, difficulty walking, rapid or irregular heartbeat, and persistent cough or wheezing.
Levitan analyzed data from women participants in the Swedish Mammography Cohort, in which women aged 48 to 83 who had no evidence of heart failure were invited to participate. In the fall of 1997, 36,019 women completed food frequency questionnaires to determine how closely their diets matched the DASH guidelines. Each participant was given a “score” based on their diet’s similarity to DASH.
“We then used records from the Swedish national healthcare system to determine whether the women went on to be hospitalized or to die from heart failure,” explains Levitan. “We compared women with diets most similar to DASH to women with diets that were not similar and found that those women whose diets most closely resembled DASH had the lowest risk of heart failure.”
Their analysis showed that during the seven-year follow-up, 443 women developed heart failure, including 415 who were hospitalized and 28 women who died of the condition. Compared with the one-quarter of women with the lowest DASH scores, the one-quarter of the women with the highest DASH scores had a 37 percent lower risk of heart failure after factors such as age, physical activity and smoking were taken into account. More dramatically, the women with DASH scores in the top 10 percent had fully half the rate of heart failure compared with the one-quarter of participants with the lowest scores.
Of particular note, adds Levitan, a woman’s diet did not have to precisely mimic the DASH diet in order to be of benefit. “Very few of the women we looked at had diets that shared all aspects of the DASH diet,” she adds. “But we found that the closer they were, the lower their risk of heart failure. This suggests that making even moderate adjustments to your diet to include more fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy products, and less salt and sugar and less red meat and processed meats, can help improve cardiac health.”
References:
1. Emily Levitan, et al. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.
2. Image by Patrick J. Lynch, medical illustrator; C. Carl Jaffe, MD, cardiologist.
