In the largest study to date, researchers confirm that weight loss has a significant impact on sleep apnea. More than 12 million people in the U.S. suffer from sleep apnea, most common among the overweight and obese. Sleep apnea can lead to high blood pressure, stroke, cardiovascular disease and a poor quality of life.
“Existing research has been limited by a number of factors, so there are very few studies that show whether the recommended amount of weight loss, about 10 percent, is enough to sufficiently improve sleep apnea,” said study author Gary Foster.
The researchers recently completed the largest randomized study on the effects of weight loss on sleep apnea in patients with type 2 diabetes. They found that among patients with severe sleep apnea, those who lost the recommended weight were three times more likely to nearly eliminate the number of sleep apnea episodes compared to those who did not lose weight.
The new study, called Sleep AHEAD, looked at 264 obese patients with type 2 diabetes already enrolled in the Look AHEAD trial, an ongoing 16-site study investigating the long-term health impact of an intensive lifestyle intervention in 5,145 overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes. Participants were between 45 and 75 years old.
The 264 participants were broken into two randomized groups: the first received a group behavioral weight loss program developed especially for obese patients with type 2 diabetes, portion-controlled diets, and a prescribed exercise regimen of 175 minutes per week. The second attended three group informational sessions over a one-year period that focused on diabetes management through diet, physical activity and social support.
After one year, members of the first group lost an average of 24 pounds. More than three times as many participants in this group had complete remission of their sleep apnea (13.6 percent compared to 3.5 percent), and also had about half the instances of severe sleep apnea as the second group. Further, participants in the second group only lost about a pound, and saw significant worsening of their sleep apnea, which suggested that without treatment, the disorder can progress rapidly.
“These results show that doctors as well as patients can expect a significant improvement in their sleep apnea with weight loss,” said Foster. “And a reduction in sleep apnea has a number of benefits for overall health and well-being.”
References:
1. Gary Foster, et al. A Randomized Study on the Effect of Weight Loss on Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The Sleep AHEAD Study. Arch Intern Med, Sep 2009; 169: 1619 – 1626.
