Researchers have found that lifestyle risk factors such as alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking are important risk factors for bowel cancer. A global study has shown that people who consume the largest quantities of alcohol (equivalent to > 7 drinks per week) have 60% greater risk of developing bowel cancer, compared with non-drinkers.

The study reviewed more than 100 published studies that had reported on the association between major and modifiable risk factors for bowel cancer including alcohol, smoking, diabetes, physical activity and various dietary components.

Smoking was also associated with a 20% greater risk of developing bowel cancer, the same risk linked with consuming high intakes of red and processed meat.

Approximately one million new cases of bowel cancer are diagnosed worldwide each year, and more than half a million people die from this type of cancer. In Australia alone, bowel cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer with more than 12,000 new cases diagnosed each year.

According to lead researcher Rachel Huxley, the most startling finding of this study was "The strong, and largely, unknown association between high intakes of alcoholic beverages with risk of bowel cancer. Most people probably know that being overweight and having poor dietary habits are risk factors for the disease, but most are probably unaware that other lifestyle risk factors such as alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and diabetes are also important culprits."

On a positive note, researchers also demonstrated that physical activity lowered an individual's risk of the bowel cancer.

"These findings strongly suggest that a large proportion of bowel cancer cases could potentially be avoided by making relatively modest lifestyle adjustments such as drinking less, quitting smoking, eating healthily and being a little more active", said Huxley. "Such changes would also have huge benefits in terms of reducing an individuals' risk of developing other major forms of illness including cardiovascular disease."
References:
1. Rachel Huxley, et al. The George Institute for International Health.
2. Image by baltazarart.

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